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I’m posting this for those that are just learning about archons. Many of you already know about them, but there are quite a few people talking about them in errone0us way, meaning their origin which is really important to understand. The Ancient Gnostics knew about the Archons and we were warned about them in the Gnostic Texts found in Nag Hammadi. by John Lashfrom MetaHistory Website From Greek archai, “origins, beginning things, prior in time.” In the classical Mediterranean world, archon was commonly used for the governor of a province, or, more loosely, any religious or governmental authority. Hence the plural, Archons, is often translated in Gnostic texts as “the Authorities.” (There is no Coptic word for Archon, so Gnostic texts use the Greek term in Coptic transliteration.) Pronounced Ar-kon. Adjective, Archontic (Ar-KON-tik). In my usual habit of attempting the impossible, I propose three definitions, or three levels of definition:
They are cyborgs inhabiting the planetary system (exclusive of the earth, sun and moon), which is described as a virtual world (stereoma) they construct by imitating the geometric forms emanated from the Pleroma, the realm of the Generators, the Cosmic Gods. The Archons are a genuine species with their own proper habitat, and may even be considered to be god-like, but they lack intentionality (ennoia: self-directive capacity), and they have a nasty tendency to stray from their boundaries and intrude on the human realm. Archons are said to feel intense envy toward humanity because we possess the intentionality they lack The Gaia Mythos describes how the Archons were produced by fractal impact in the dense elementary field arrays (dema) of the galactic limbs, when the Aeon Sophia plunged unilaterally from the galactic core. See especially Episode 10. This event is also described in detail in Alien Dreaming. Level Two – Noetic-Psychological In Gnostic psychology, the noetic science of the Mystery Schools, Archons are an alien force that intrudes subliminally upon the human mind and deviates our intelligence away from its proper and sane applications.
They are not what makes us act inhumanely, for we all have the potential to go against our innate humanity, violating the truth in our hearts, but they make us play out inhumane behavior to weird and violent extremes.
Left to our own devices, we would sometimes act inhumanely and then correct it, contain the aberration. Obviously, we do not always do so. In the exaggeration of our insane and inhumane tendencies, and in extreme, uncorrected deviance from our innate intelligence, Gnostics saw the signature of an alien species that piggy-backs on the worst human failings. Hence, Archons are psycho-spiritual parasites.
Yet as offspring of the Aeon Sophia (see below insert), they are also our cosmic kin.
The ontological status of the Archons is dual:
The risk they pose by invading our mental software is far greater than any physical risk they might pose by erratically breaching the biosphere. Working through telepathy and suggestion, the Archons attempt to deviate us from our proper course of evolution. Their most successful technique is to use religious ideology to insinuate their way of thinking and, in effect, substitute their mind-set for ours.
According to the Gnostics, Judeo-Christian salvationism is the primary ploy of the Archons, an alien implant. Our capacity to discern alien forces working in our minds is crucial to survival and co-evolution with Gaia who, as Sophia, accidentally produced the Archons in the first place. (This comment belongs to Level One, the cosmological definition, but as so often happens with Gnostic teachings, noetic and cosmic elements tend to merge.)
By recognizing and repelling the Archons, we claim our power, define our boundaries in the cosmic framework, and establish our purpose relative to Gaia, the indwelling intelligence of the planet.
LIVE spelled backwards is EVIL, but the Archons are not evil in the sense that they possess autonomous powers of destruction, able to be applied directly upon humanity.
They are agents of error rather than evil — but human error, when it goes uncorrected and runs beyond the scale of correction, turns into evil and works against the universal plan of life. Gnostics taught that the Archons exploit our tendency to let our mistakes go uncorrected. Because the Archons need human complicity to gain power over humankind, any one who assists them can be considered a kind of Archon, an accessory. How do humans assist the Archons?
One way (suggested in the Level Two definition) is by accepting the mental programs of the Archons — that is, adopting the alien intelligence as if it were human-based — and implementing those programs by actually enforcing them in society. Another way is by actively or passively conforming to the agendas so proposed and imposed. Jacques Lacarriere suggests that Gnostics detected the humanized face of the Archons in all authoritarian structures and and systems that deny authenticity and self-determination to the individual.
He argues that Gnostics recognized,
Corruption occurs, not because we make errors, but because the errors we make go uncorrected and extrapolate beyond the scale of correction. Lacarriere says that Gnostics reached this conclusion “out of rational observation of the natural world and human behavior.”
Ultimately, they asserted the,
This may seem like a dark view of human affairs, but given the evidence of history (not to mention current events), it cannot be said to be unfair or exaggerated. For an intimate glimpse of Gnostic teaching on the Archons, including advice on how to act when directly confronted by them, consider the passage from The First Apocalypse of James, cited in A Gnostic Catechism. |
Gnosticism and Gnostics
This is a requiem of the old “New Age” and a Manifesto of the New Age of the Universal Law of Ascension.
Dear Readers, To be honest, I have not read the entire article, albeit a few paragraphs here and there that stuck out at me. I do encourage to read this as I admire the work of Georgi Stankov and his knowledge/experience. Although I can’t verify the authenticity of his claims, they seem to make so much sense to me, so I am going to make an effort to read his book “I have it on my HD”. It is a deep analysis of the Orion Order, which is the actual system we call the Cabal/Illuminati/Archon Reptilian agenda. Very interesting I must admit and would love to hear your comments/thoughts on this work. Until I wrap my brain around this work, I really don’t have the knowledge yet to write about it. As always, use your judgement and always keep an open mind, anything and everything is possible.
by Georgi Stankov, October 31, 2014
This is a requiem of the old “New Age” and a Manifesto of the New Age of the Universal Law of Ascension.
Here are ten major reasons why the Western, predominantly American New Age movement has intellectually and morally declared a total bankruptcy and why these people have no chance to ascend in the coming days. To this conclusion I would like to refresh your memory and ask you to read one more time this message from the ascended masters, which I published a month and a half ago: “The Day of Days“.
The Archontic Infection (AI) Must Listen!
I always wondered when John Lamb Lash would disclose this information, I presume it would have been wrong timing and misunderstood had he talked about the Jews before the current events. He is now explaining a lot that we can add to what we already know about WHY the Jews are trying to destroy humanity.
John is a mythical Scholar, Archaeologist, Astronomer and much more, he has dedicated his lifetime in providing the “truth” about Gnosticism that is not Judaicor Christian related, the Archons and their emergence into our reality. He is now “shockingly so” uncovering to us the connection between Archons and the Jews.
According to John, and I write about this all the time, Archons cannot invade the Earth, they cannot reincarnate here for a number of reasons, but mainly because they are inorganic beings and Oxygen is toxic to them. Cobra talks about the Archons reincarnating here on the Planet, he’s full of crap and he is lying because we have no way of verifying this to be true. Anyone that claims the Archons can physically do us any harm are disinfo agents. There was never a plan to invade Earth, there will never be an invasion by the Archons, they infected certain people under an agreement, one of which you will hear in the interview below.
These people, are infected with the Archontic Virus and it would make sense how they can just take their lawn chairs, sit atop a hill with a beer in their hand and celebrate while they watch women and children slaughtered. For those of you that don’t have time to listen to the whole interview, start at 40:00 min mark, but it would be taken out of context if you don’t start at the beginning.
I thank my friend John for this interview as it has now completed the puzzle about what is going on today.
The Gnostic Scenario of The Earth Goddess Sophia
Zen Gardner ~ The Gnostic Scenario Of The Earth Goddess Sophia
“Writings attributed to ancient seers known as Gnostics describe an outpouring of energy from the center of our galaxy that eventually forms the planet earth. This event and its consequences are recounted in the narrative of the fallen goddess Sophia, whose name means “wisdom.” My summary of this “creation myth” uses a transposition of it mythic features into terms consistent with modern cosmology. Following the summary is an evaluation of what the myth tells us about life on earth, and how it may be corroborated by scientific finding, on the other hand, and mythology, on the other.” ~John Lamb Lash
Galactic Dynamics
Framed in mythological language, this fallen goddess scenario (FGS) describes the core of our home galaxy as a vortex of infinite potential (Pleroma: fullness, plenum) consisting of massive serpentlike entities or torrents. The gods and goddesses of the Pleroma are called Aeons in the Gnostic writings. They are gendered male and female to describe different types of dynamic activity, like positive and negative charges of electric current, or the attractive and repulsive poles of a magnet. The Aeons are divine: that is, luminous, radiant, emanating light. They are also alive and intelligent and capable of feeling, perception, and desire, but on the level of cosmic consciousness. From the glossary of Not in His Image:
Aeon: (AY-on) (Greek, “god,” “divinity,” “process,” “emanation,” “time cycle”) Gnostic term for a cosmically pervasive process, aware, animated, and animating. Aeons manifest sensory worlds by dreaming, rather than by the artisanlike act of creation attributed to the biblical father god. Adj., Aeonic.
An Aeon might be envisioned as a massive current of living luminosity capable of sentient response, gesture, speech. The standard metaphor for such energies is “serpent. “The Aeons are serpentine but not reptilian. A snake is a reptile but distinct from a lizard, iguana, chamelion, etc. All things snakey and serpentine ought not to be contaminated by association with the dubious label, “reptilian.”
The “outpouring of energy” in the FGS describes the central event in Gnostic myth: how one of the massive luminous serpentine currents swirling the galactic core burst beyond the boundaries of the core. Science today recognizes that the galactic core has a boundary, but a soft, porous one, like the yellow of an egg. The structure of our galaxy conforms to a standard model, the regular lenticular spiral: a egg-shaped rotating core surrounded by limbs or spiral arms. The extent of the rotating arms is vast, but the arms themselves are thin, so the entire galaxy has the shape of a pancake with a central bulge. The dynamics of the core, the Pleroma, differ from the dynamics operating in the spiral arms, called the Kenoma, “deficiency, incompletion.” This is the difference between infinite and finite potential. The core is like a fountain head perpetually erupting with boundless, undefined potential. In the spiral arms, this cosmic potential scales down into the relatively limited, but still immense, potentiality of celestial events, including planetary systems where experiments in life can unfold.
The galactic core or hub consists of a concentrated mass of high-energy currents, the cosmic gods. Its composite mass is pure stellar energy, the stuff that stars are made from, in a state of excitation that precedes and impedes the appearance of any particular form. Form arises in the Kenoma, the realm of finite potential. The composition of the outspreading galactic arms is not pure stellar luminosity but residue, the granular elements of past worlds. The entire galaxy is a vast glittering pinwheel that acts like a mill, grinding out future worlds from the residue of former ones. The dema, dense elementary matter arrays in the spiral arms, have some self-organizing properties but for the most part they are inert. The dema can produce suns, planetary systems, comets, nebular clouds, and so on, due to its own inherent dynamism, which is largely inorganic; but to produce living systems it requires activation from the galactic center. Hence, suns may be born and planetary systems formed in the dema, but for sentient life capable of self-awareness to appear in those worlds there must be a “input” from the galactic core.
In the normal course of cosmic events, Aeonic currents remain dynamically within the boundaries of the galactic core. To produce experiments in worlds arising in the galactic limbs, Aeons project their power of intention (ennoia) outward while remaining where they are. Consider the analogy of massive kleig lights inside a white canvas tent. The power generators, bulbs, and mounting apparatus of these lights remain within the tent, but they can project beams through the canvas walls. So do the Aeons, the cosmic divinities, project their intentions and designs into the Kenoma without engaging dynamically in the dema, the dense elementary matter arrays. Then they observe what happens in the interaction between the inorganic field of the dema and the sentient-organic projections they have “seeded” into it.
It could be said that the gods, the Pleromic Aeons, project myriads of Kenomic experiments to entertain themselves. This view of divine purpose recalls the Asian concept of Lila, “divine play.”
Divine Mistake
And so it goes in the usual course of cosmic events. The designing powers at the galactic center—Aeonic headquarters, if you will—allow for free play of boundless potential, trial and error, novelty and innovation, in the experiments they initiate. The divine powers do not interfere with an experiment in progress, otherwise they would not be able to see how it plays out on its own terms. But there can be exceptions in the cosmic order, and Sophia’s plunge is one of them. “The world as we know it came about due to a mistake,” (The Gospel of of Philip). The “mistake” is an anomaly rather than an out-and-out error. Sophia commits a misstep or overstepping of cosmic boundaries and a mistake arises as a consequence of her audacity. Sophias’s becomes enmeshed with the experiment she has projected, forced by her own compulsion, as it were, to go interactive with the subjects and conditions of the experiment. The dilemma faced by the goddess is the crucial plot factor of the fallen goddess scenario.
Of course, there may also be other Kenomic experiments where something similar occurs. Gnostic cosmology is a multi-world perspective, even a multi-galaxy perspective. The texts assert that there are many Pleromas. It may be that we will get optimal insight and benefit from the fallen goddess scenario if we consider it to be unique to our world, describing conditions specific to the earth. If the myth of the Aeon Sophia specifically describes an event in this galaxy with particular consequences for the planet earth and humanity, as I am convinced is so, then we would do well to concentrate on our unique situation before speculating on what happens elsewhere or, ultimately, what happens in the scope of the Universe, the totality of all galaxies.
The recognition that the fallen goddess scenario tells the story of OUR planet exclusively, and so engages humanity in an urgent and intimate way with the “earth goddess, ” presents a block for some people, I have noted. Interest in this particular galaxy, the planet earth, and the conditions of human existence in this unique habitat where we are, may act as a deterrent or self-selection factor. I have noted that some people don’t care for this limited scenario, preferring to go beyond it toward a larger picture. I would argue that the larger picture will come into view when our perspective here on earth is clear, including our view of the origin of the earth and the role of the human species in terrestrial design.
But this earth-first view is not attractive to some people who (it seems to me) assume that some abstract vision of the larger picture will automatically make our situation on earth clear and comprehensible, if not purposeful. A Gnostic would advise cautious scrutiny of any cosmic perspective that overlooks the particular fate of the home planet, Gaia.
The Sophia Mythos, as it may be called, is not, technically speaking, a creation myth like the Biblical account of creation in Genesis. Rather, it is an emanation myth consistent with the Aboriginal paradigm of the Dreamtime and the Hindu mytheme of “Vishnu dreaming,” i.e., the oneiric paradigm. From Greek oneiros, “dream.” Oneiric: of or relating to dreams or dreaming.
The analogy to dreaming is a metaphor, if you will, but not just that. The oneiric paradigm describes a dynamic process in which life on earth is sustained in the way a dream is sustained by the dreamer. The characters in a dream exist and act as long as the dreaming continues. In the creationist paradigm, the creations persist after the initial fiat of the creator that brings them into existence. In Sophia’s dreaming, called apporia in the NHC, terrestrial life persists as the dream activity concurrentwith it unfolds. The creationist paradigm allows for humans to have a relationship to the off-planet deity, usually realized in an act of faith, but relating to Gaia-Sophia is interactive and experimental. We know Gaia in the immediate sensuous presence called nature, but interacting with her dreaming requires a dialogue with the mind of nature, the indwelling intelligence or Anima Mundi (“soul of the world”).
In short, this habitable world of ours has not been created as an artifact, like a pot made by a potter, but is continually being emanated by the Aeon who dreams it. The assertion that the world was not created once and for all but is continually emanated is a first-hand truth of experimental mysticism, attested by many mystics and psychonauts who have enjoyed this mysterious dynamic perception both with and without the use of psychoactive agents.
Well-known image of the Anima Mundi from an alchemical text. It shows the continuity from an extraterrestrial Pleromic realm (cloud with Hebrew lettering and extended hand) to the Divine Sophia to the rational mind of humanity (squatting monkey), with many divisions of the celestial and terrestrial elements. The entire ensemble might have been conceived with this line in mind: “All natures, starting from the revelation of chaos, are in the Light that shines without shadow, and indescribable joy, and unutterable jubilation” (The Sophia of Jesus Christ, NHC III, 4. 20). The Light that casts no shadow is the Organic Light, the primary substance body of Sophia and all the Aeons, contrasted to her planetary body, the earth.
Consider again the “mistake” that produced this particular world of ours: the compulsion of an Aeon to be engaged in an experiment projected from the Pleroma, the galactic core. The FGS describes how Sophia actually morphed into the planet earth. Her mass of living luminosity of Organic Light turns into the planet we inhabit by a process of condensation and densification. Sophia does not create the earth at all: she becomes the earth.
Nor does Sophia create humanity. At least not in the way the paternal deity of the Bible creates Adam and Eve “in his image.” Gnostic writings explain that the Anthropos, the genomic template for humanity, is at first a featureless singularity produced from the Originator. called propater in the Greek loan-words in the Coptic books. The Originator is the monistic source of the multiple Aeons. Then the featureless singularity, an explosion of pure undefined possibility, comes to be configured by the Aeons of our galaxy into an experimental projection that will be implanted into the galactic arms. Variations of this event can be found in different texts.
One version says that two Aeons, Sophia and Christos, undertook the encoding of the human genome (Anthropos). These two Aeons are as it were the “parents” of the human species, but not in a biological sense. Christ and Sophia make a syzygy, a dyad or cosmic coupling. Once they have configured the ground plan for the human genome, encoding it with countless capacities and talents, they join the entire Pleromic company to release it into the galactic limbs. The Anthropos then emerges from the cosmic center as a projection of the divine imagination of the gods, not a creaturemade in the image of any god. Such is the grand vision of the Mysteries on the origin of the human species.
Gaia Mythos is a multi-world scenario, so the Anthropos template may be conceived as the matrix of many strains of the human species, able to emerge in many Kenomic experiments unfolding in the galactic limbs. But again, the Mythos is about one particular strain of humanity on that one particular planet subject to the anomalous plunge of the Aeon Sophia. The uniqueness of this story cannot be overemphasized.
Original: http://www.shiftfrequency.com/zen-gardner-the-gnostic-scenario-of-the-earth-goddess-sophia/
John Lamb Lash’s View on Current Events
I like to think of John as my friend, although we have not been in touch much lately, his plate is full and with so many things happening around us, I don’t expect personal attention, I’m happy just knowing he is well.
As for the following excerpt, which is an email I received yesterday, I am posting the last part of it only because it’s interesting to see how John views our current reality.
I am sure that many of you do not know what GNE pertains to, or some other terms that John uses. Many of us partook in this experiment that lasted 3 years. It was mainly Gaia’s journey to the galactic core using John’s expert astronomy as a guiding map.
You can get more information if you are interested on gaiaspora.org, in the meantime there may be some terminology you are not familiar with and that’s ok, it’s important that you get the gist of his thoughts and feelings. I value John’s thoughts and opinions very much and he’s one of the very few people that I trust 100%. But that’s just my opinion!
# Brace for Impact
I know you must be wondering at moments how the Nav views the world in Correction, and what insights, comments, or observations he might offer at the moment. Let me see what I can squeeze out of the ol’ navigator noggin… A little geopolitical commentary may be in order….
It took about two months before I began to get a sense of how Correction is working. Bear in mind that the GNE was a success: it produced a group of human witnesses to Correction. That was it’s stated purpose, in consideration of the view that the Wisdom Goddess needs “a measure of human participation” to succeed in Correction. The GNE and the emergent KWP assure that she has both witnessing (GNE) and participation (KWP, social activism).
However, the success of the GNE does not guarantee the success of her Correction. These are two different matters, entirely. Now that Correction is underway all you can do is follow events and see if you detect how it is developing. One thing to recall, I never predicted or claimed that the entire world situation would change in a sudden spectacular way as soon as Correction began. Please be clear on that point. I can however assert that world events are coming rapidly to a gigantic climax and the shape of events, the direction of world drama, as awful as it looks, may indeed reflect how Correction is proceeding. I wonder if even the most horrific events might might be conditions that support her Correction.
Meaning, of course, not that the Aeon requires or produces those conditions — they are the sum product of human behavior — but that she is ultimately able to turn them to her advantage. I mean in no way to imply that the horrors unfolding on the world stage are justified and required for a good outcome! That is the rationale of the righteous. And may the righteous be damned.
Also, I never said that the Aeon would act supernaturally by striking at the high-end perpetrators and preventing them from completion of their evil plans. Of course, it was natural to wonder if such preventive action on her part might manifest. We all wondered about that possibility and how it might reveal itself. But specifically, exactly, I did not declare any assurance of such preventive action. For instance, I said that VV in her Tulpa (Rigden Labro) could be commanded to take out the Zads, the Talmudic perps at the executive level. Yes, but I did not say that doing so would insure the total defeat of their plans, did I? You must always remember that the action of the Tulpa, like the lethal strike of the KWP, is largely a rear-guard tactic.
Of course, if any of you can command the Tulpa of VV to present WW3 I welcome you to do it. I would like to see the exact syntax of that command and know how you communicate it to her, how you get it into her syntax. But even if you were to succeed in commanding her to take out the PM of Israel, and she did it, would that stop what is happening now in Palestine? See what I mean? Exterminating the executives cannot stop the wave of violence they have set in motion. At least I doubt if it can. Extermination is a tactic to protect the course of society in Correction, once that hideous wave has crashed. Or perhaps just as it is crashing. It’s tactical aim is to prevent the monsters from rebooting their system in a world redirected on the course of healing itself. Can you get the nuances here… ?
Bear in mind as well that human behavior over the long term historically (and “karmically” if you will) has its own perverse and irreducible momentum, which the Aeon is not going to change by intervention into historical events in some supernatural way — not as far as I can see. Her “intervention” is not guaranteed in Correction in that manner, so everything in human understanding of this moment depends on how you conceive “intervention.” I don’t rule out that it may occur in some manner that would be impossible to preconceive, as such an intervention from the mother power has never before occurred in human history. There is no precedent for it. No one can foresee the form it might take. And it might also happen in some way or ways that escape human attention.
The important thing, the essential thing, is that you keep your attention on her, and focus on the consciousness and feeling of the earth as a planetary animal, even if you cannot detect exactly what she is doing and how she does it.
Realistically speaking, I seriously doubt that WW 3 can be prevented at this point. As I write these words, the Zionists are working themselves into a fiendish frenzy of murder and destruction in Palestine. Such heights of evil are really inconceivable to ordinary folk like us. No ghoulish antics in a horror film come close to it. Even a snuff film is a pleasant diversion compared to that the Zionists are doing as I write these words. You can be sure those who are now undertaking a final solution in Gaza do so in throes of delight. They relish and revel in slaughtering children, burning and maiming defenseless people en masse. They really enjoy what they are doing. That is a fact which a sane human animal finds impossible to grasp.
Additional to the wholesale and flagrant slaughter of the Palestinians, conducted in an attitude of drooling righteousness, events in the Ukraine have taken a sinister turn. Just today as I am writing this message a passenger jet of Malaysian airline was shot down over Ukraine. Someone did this act, but it will almost certainly be impossible to ever know who it was. But then it really does not matter who did it. The effect is to present the world with an event that can be spun in various ways by various parties in the drama unfolding. Clearly, it means nothing to someone to blow 300 people out of the sky simply for the purpose of creating a news event that can be spun to their advantage. Whoever they are. Everyone involved will use this event to suit their agenda, be sure of that. Thus the insanity feeds on itself and verifies itself.
Realistically speaking, I don’t see anything that can stop WW 3 from happening in August 2014 except a stand down of the American military. But the good news is, if it does happen, it may be over by October.
If WW3 is inevitable — it happens because those who can make it happen cannot be stopped. Simple enough? But if it does happen, it might viewed as a horror that can be “turned”, considered in tantric terms.… I would say, trying to be as careful as I can with the wording, that WW3 might not necessarily prove that Correction is failing… The big question for me is, If it does happen, how long will it last? And if it were to happen and then be stopped, arrested in mid-action (like the battle of Kurukshetra was stopped midway), then perhaps the social and global developments reflecting Correction would become more obvious and more vivid, shining with a particular luminosity in the smoky aftermath of the cremation ground. It’s gruesome to think of it that way, I know, but you might want to consider that possibility.
Suppose for instance that WW3, additional to the horror and death it would certainly produce, would also have such a blowback on those who make it happen, that it finally destabilizes their mind control system to the breaking point. Their system of duplicity, division, and control is already at the breaking point, you say? Right, but not quite all the way. In their insanity they believe that a war will save them and they will come through with more power and control. But what if they get the war they want, and then when it is over — or interrupted, put on hold — they come out so weakened by the last great heave of their insanity, that they are THEN AND THERE taken down and defeated? In other words, what if that supremely evil event could be turned to the advantage of her Correction, but not avoided, not prevented? The worst would have to happen to be turned. This is a tantric principle.
That is brutal consideration, I know, but honestly, I don’t see how WW3 can be stopped at this point, apart from a military stand down by the USA, and maybe not even then… It makes sense to me that Correction would become effective and obvious in the event of the war, within it and concurrent with it… so I am not assuming that Correction can ONLY proceed to success if WW3 does not occur. Brace for impact.
I will write a little more about my current state of mind and health and concerns for my legacy in a follow up to this message.
Love and courage to all,
and salty regards, as ever
John
You Are The Light That You Always Have Been 